امام مهدی علیه السلام

The social evolution of man in history

The social evolution of man in history

(The battle between The Truth and The False)

Author: Morteza Motahhari 

(Ayatollah Shahid Motahari)

The concept of evolution-the social evolution of man in the past

In the Name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

The meaning of natural evolution is clear, that is, an evolution that has created the flow of nature without human intervention or desire. Therefore, there is no difference between humans and other animals; that is, the natural course of the determinism path of each animal has brought to a certain stage; the human being is the same as the current to which we call him human today, and that he is a particular kind we know the other species.

The dignity of reason in the system of religious cognition

The dignity of reason in the system of religious cognition

Author: Ayatollah Javadi Amoli

Publisher's speech

Praise is to the eternal God is a worthy gem only the goers of the arena wisdom and heart will benefit. Thanks for the high mission of Prophet Mohammad Mustafa (peace be upon Mohammad and his holy family) which accompany the purity of the mission with the best of wisdom and reason. It is worthy of divine grace for servants: Thanks God, only the entourage of God’s blessing are worthy of being the guardians of the wisdom and the guardians of the tradition.

What establishes the principle of all goodness and perfect is proper science and perfect knowledge: “Science is the principle of all goodness.” The world of best, which is based on divine knowledge and gnosis, is always goodness and advisable from the current and the field of its development.

The universe which presents in two directions of creation and genesis: From the point of view of divine knowledge, the Divine knowledge, which is the divine will, has created the religion from creation and created the world of creation, therefore, those who think in the two domains mentioned above and The scholars of the abstract and experimental sciences are both aspiring to divine will and ultimately divine knowledge, because knowledge, which is the same as discovery, intuition, and attendance, is nothing more than a revelation of the divine knowledge and knowledge of the Lord: and none of Them will ever encompass anything of Allah's Knowledge except as much Allah Wills.  Al-Baqarah (255)

Seminary scholars and academic scholars, although in terms of the method of studying Knowledge and in terms of what it relates to Knowledge, that is the same knowable, are distinct from each other; but from the path of science and advancement to the domain of divine knowledge are the same; in other words, natural scientists who study the world of creation and genesis empirically and the divine science scholars who are referring to the world of compilation with an abstract method in that both are in the domain of divine will and knowledge, they are common; though they differ from other directions. In this way, the sciences with any title and subject that investigate in any way are all divine and cannot be empty of the principle of agent and purpose is in the divine will, because the research of phenomena and creations, whether in the world of compilation or in the world of genesis, is identity less and incompleteness without a viewpoint to the principle of agent and purpose in it, although the contemporary world and the scholars of science are trying to impose scientific secularism on science. As the universe has turned the creation into nature and denied or neglected the origin and end and they have separated the sciences from nature (and not creation) from the origin and end, they do not accept any the origin and end for it.

Religionology

Religionology

 
Author: Ayatollah Javadi Amoli
Publisher’s speech
The major issue of religion is a history of human history and a continuation of the world. It has accompanied the length and width of time, so that there is no period and no place for the truth of religion to be present. Religion is born with man and remains with the man to all places and he not releases him and has nothing but a human soul.
Religion, like natural phenomena, is sometimes at the peak and sometimes in the nadir. Standing up with the Prophets and the favourites of God, it stands with their sunset it fall. When the goddesses are victorious, religion is jubilation in the minds and tongues, in wisdom and hearts, in verbs and fingers. And whenever tyrannies and devils flaunts and have the illusion of victory, religion is sad, it takes refuge in a corner and the lashes of ignorance and misleading, whipping its subtle body.
In our era, religion is not separate or except from this continuous tradition; until the great Islamic Revolution, because of the presence of the oppressors and tyrants and despots, religion went to the general scene of humanity completely eliminate, but with the uprising and courageous action of the right-handers, it returned to the scene of the community and it present with a new and fresh outfit, and with a special refresher in various fields. It came with it's the innate freshness and subtlety enlightens the society with all its facets and the human spirit with all its appearances and with its purity, it will wash all the turbidities.
But two important factors have always prevented this movement, and, it eliminates until these two, the presence of religion is not strong, and it may lead to the retreat of religion and personal and social movement.
The first barrier is internal; the truth religion is a abstraction and spiritual (not material), until it is not looker’s eyes to the pure substance, and not seen with the weapon of abstraction and wisdom and sound heart. The veil of nature and dust of material does not give material opportunity for pure intuition and pure look. The only migration of nature and impure materiality is that it enables the presence of the religion to be known as it is.
Those who will through feeling and experience or from the limited window of nature, cannot achieve the truth beyond the nature of religion, thus, they always see religion in a halo of ambiguity and darkness, they judge on this basis; Sometimes they judge to the incompleteness and inadequacy of religion and trying to overthrow this incomplete and unnecessary truth and sometimes they judge holiness and transformation of the of descent religion, and they respect religion and more honorable than they descend to the natural world.
 In our day, this intellectual process and this narrow-minded view on the East and the West is a shadow of nature. And has occupied the intellectual and mental domains of societies, especially the western communities; though its shadows have infected and darkened the minds of some open-minded in our society.

 The second obstacle is the outside; those who realized the power and ability of religion and found that religion has a strong and rigidity nature, in the text of religion, all the seditions have define and the emphasis on the struggle against seditious people is explicitly and definitively emphasized and they are also seeking to provide false wishes and desires for the colonial world and the exploitation of the people. With their military, political, industrial and eclectic strength, they have the will to abuse and dominate the societies and they want to eliminate religion in every way from the human realm and to obliterate man from both the inside and outside of the religion: They will go on fighting with you so they may turn you back from your religion if they can. Al-Baqarah  (217)So they can disarm him and dominate him from the brain to the mine.

This is where the two groups, either willingly or unwillingly, share a common purpose, and they both move towards the overthrow of the structure of religion and the breaking of the roots of religion.

From this point of view, the mission of the religionists and those who regard religion as life water and live with it and die without it is more necessary; by hand, he must remove the first obstacle so that inside the light of religion, it not sacrifice the appear to be made minds and thoughts of the unprofessional and unconscious and with the other hand, he put down the second barrier and confronted it. This is where the weapons of ijithad and jihad jointly attack the enemy; this is where the weapons of ijithad and jihad jointly attack the enemy and the scientists’ pen with blood of the martyrs is a devastating flood to eliminate any scientific intrigue and pragmatic chaos.

The present book, which is based on the thoughts and works of Ayatullah Javadi Amoli, is intended to explain and clarify the light of religion and the guidance of Islam.

Human expectation of religion

Human expectation of religion

Author: Ayatollah Javadi Amoli

Publisher’s speech

The dawning religion has illuminated life and the opportunity to enjoy human and divine blessings so that man guide by that heavenly ray and to enjoy all the capabilities and attain to its highest position the position of divine caliphate in the earth, and the worship of Allah.

This highest divine blessing has always been the subject of threats by the arrogances, and the moldings and distortions of the masters of power and deceit. In fact, the people of religion, in the power's light and dignity of religion, turn into crashing dangers and storms. That rebellious powers are always frightening of them and reject them; but they have used all the power in separating religion from the realm of human life to disarm human beings, then they will rebel him: they will go on fighting with you so that they may turn you back from your religion if they can. Al-Baqarah (217)

This continuous and all-round battle sometimes happens in military uniforms and shows itself in a cover of scientific culture and even ideology. Obviously, coping with this campaign is far more sensitive and more important than conflict and war.

Man is thirsty that his thirst only heals the pure religion and gives him water and the return of man to the drought of science and the salt of the secular, it makes the person thirsty more thirsty and tired of death. Today, human beings have reached the end of all human fields, and according to some Western scholars, human beings have seen the end of the world, the call for the need for religion and revelation heard from the depth of his heart, and he cries out that the only way of saving is to accept divine revelation and obey the prophets.

It provides a Man who vest his life and soul to religion and love her and make it loved to him in this world that exhilarate its freshness and cheerfulness, eye’s soul and enchanting fragrance and smell’s soul. Those who, with a false analysis, based on the lack of knowledge of the human being and the lack of a correct knowledge of religion, regard the companionship of man from religion, cause concern and create a hell of the world. Not only are they pleased with the false paradise that it separate a man from religion, but wants religion for the anchorite of his life and his ascetic social, and nothing else. The religion that covers the starting point of human creation to its fulfillment in this world and other worlds and from underlying layers to the hidden classes of existence and also the religion which is the light of his way in all aspects of existence and in the individual and social spheres. The perception of separation from human beings, faced with a serious vacuum, and with loneliness and fragile strangling. Therefore, it must salute with all its being.

The Ratio of Religion and the World

The Ratio of Religion and the World

 

Author: Ayatollah Javadi Amoli

Publisher's speech

The heavens of religion, the darkness of nature, and the world blossom the light day of the revelation, the night of darkness illuminates human life. It reveals the radius of the divine verses emitted from the enlightened sun. Like the meteorite in the body of nature, it has been penetrating, and it has cleared all the angles of this vast darkness. It is no passage through which the passage of revelation has not passed and the spirit of nature is not fragrant with its scent. The world has its own affection and religion undertake nature to consolation, nature garden with beautiful songs and the nightingales of ghazal have given fruits to the religion and from the sacred and blessed union of religion and the world, the Divine Man was born and the divine caliph is in power on earth.

The prophets (peace be upon them), who are the revelators and flags of happiness, peace shouters are religion and the world and the devils are seeking divisions. They are the religion that the sun is thinking and the source of thought separating from a world, whose thirst for it is clear, and the desire for it is a golden rising to depress both of them, one lightning and one desire to light is powerless. The true peace seekers make the first reconciliation between the world and religion in the light of this ratio, the world is calm in peace and the actual seditionaries create divisions and warfare to witness the burning of both. The separation of the spirit of religion from the world, the cause of caries and the basis of depression is human life. Blessed is the mouth that sings in this unity and booming, the pen that thinks of this alliance!
The great mission of the modern society, based on the stable foundations of religion, enlightens the houses of the world one after the other, it is that the idea has dissolved the separation of religion and the world from which the West satisfy with a deviant and unwanted way. And guides humans and the world under a single flag it adorns all social, cultural, political, national, and so on statements with the highest religious teachings. By eliminating the darkness of illusions and suspicion and adorning the wisdom and revelation, it provides the field of growth and excellence. Resplendent peace of unity and peace and Depressed the call of separation and war!

This valuable book, which from pen and expression is Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, in order to unite true, correct and logical alliance between religion and the world, and the answer to the song is the misery of separation and division. Today, is one of the major cultural issues, and sometimes the beliefs of society, to answer the question of how the relationship between religion and the world? The various social aspects of society and persons, how do you arise from these two realities? Can align religion and politics, religion and government, religion and economics, religion and culture, religion and nationality? Do politics, government, economics, culture, and nationality, which are manifestations of the appearance of the world, can place next to religion? And have a peaceful life? Do modern phenomena in human society, such as scientism, rationalism, and humankind, can be the basis for the separation of religion from the world or vice versa? Questions such as asking for reasonable answers.

International relations

Author: Ayatollah Javadi Amoli

Publisher's speech

The eternal religion of Islam, which is characterized by its fullness and comprehensiveness, it has always addressed different aspects of human existence and has not been neglected in any way; whether it is from the relationship of man with himself or with human beings with those beings, including humans and what is his relationship with the Creator and his Lord; and for each of these three directions, there are also sagely teachings and recommendations. In the Good speech, Allah Almighty has mentioned the growth and prosperity of man in the light of the reform of the tripartite and he knows his salvation and his happiness depends on it.

Social interactions like economic interactions tie to human life, and it not isolate from human nature and as in economic affairs at all levels, even with the closure of the economic treaty with the disbelievers of a large branch called the branch of transactions in the jurisprudence in social relations and human relations in jurisprudence, a large part dedicate to this issue. As in the science of law and ethics, this aspect of existential has addressed, and he has learned to mankind valuable insights from the heaven of revelation in The Lord's words.

Improvement of human relations and its desirability from any kind of wicked and villainous like arrogance and colonialism, it causes progress, comfort and improvement of human life and the ground for achieving the divine aspects of mankind. In the wise and expressive words of Ayatullah Javadi Amoli, religion with both its enlightening aspects, including tradition and wisdom, emphasizes on the proper human and divine relationships with all nations.

Obviously, social relationships and relationships of individuals can define and presented at different levels; at the level of the tribe and Kinship, at the level of religion and apparent beliefs, in the context of the fundamental beliefs and beliefs that religion call, and the deepest and most comprehensive social layer of human relationships with each other regardless of any kind of ethnicity, the religion that now call “international relations”.

The significance and value of such discussions becomes clearer when everyone knows that a global society formed and all the obstacles that have already put in the path of human relations have eliminated and in various fields of science, research, culture, economics, politics And ... have provided the context in which human beings inevitably place in the context of various relationships. Obviously, societies that have understood this meaning better and deeper will have seen progress and development more duly and more prosperous, and a nation that has not found this social reality and he has been proud of the illusion of his own intrinsic superiority and it has lagged the presence and promise of the world scenes, it will definitely stop and stagnate.

The Islamic Republic of Iran, which rightfully the great claim of the Universal Government and has institutionalized its principles in its thought and belief and is awaiting the world community under the leadership of the divine and Mahdi Mohammadi (peace be upon him and his holy family). The Islamic Republic of Iran must definitely find and believe in itself and take steps in the field of science and practice.

مردم ایران

رسول اکرم صلی الله علیه و آله

امام مهدی علیه السلام

Philosophy of Human Rights

Author: Ayatollah Javadi Amoli

Publisher's speech

Name of God

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: "Everyone in the world has his own time, there are no mistakes and doubts over him".
As the times are different, speeches and conversations are also different at any time, and only humans can survive in the life of their lives by hearing and taking them into consideration, which knows the errors and doubts of science and practice, and with Having a shield of knowledge and awareness prevents it from attacking it.

Accordingly, one of the most important roles of religious scholars and scientific scholars is to identify these mistakes and doubts and to exclude them from the scope of religious thought and beliefs of the faithful.

The fact that now in our time has become a pretext in the hands of the aggressors of the ages, and every time that the grief of the oppression and rightfulness of the people comes out, with the same token, they have sunk them more into the hollow pit and do not allowed the movement and liberation from constrain tyranny and colonialism .It must be investigated and analyzed and presented with correct ideas about it, disproportionate, so that the deceived powerful are disarmed, and the seekers of the right path know the destination and move towards it.

Based on the role played by Islamic scholars, a series of debates on human rights foundations and resources are under discussion and Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, along with a number of learned-men and knowledgeable and interested students in Islamic sciences in 1367 HS , he addressed analyzing the foundations and sources of human rights in the Qom Seminary until become familiar the Human societies generally and the Islamic society, especially with this method of era and find the path of liberation that comes from the religion of Islam.

Therefore, the contents of the book are compiled under the supervision of the author, who discussions and lessons focus on explaining the principles and sources of human rights, which is the philosophy of human rights, although implicitly referred to some human rights material and a brief analysis has been made of it.

Noteworthy, compilation and writing is a widespread and profound introduction to this valuable book written by the author and it has a special strength and as noted in the introduction itself, the level of the subject matter of the introduction has been significantly different from the book itself and only scholars and researchers of this field with special precision can grasp their gestures and deep points.
In the end, We appreciate Mr. Sayed Abu Al-Qasem Husseini who have been bothering to adjust and edit the course set and we pray for his more success from God.

Chapter One:

Principle of agent and purpose of human rights

Reminder

The compilation of universal human rights requires a review of the legal philosophy of its central lines in the text of the book. What is said in this preface is the material that was not needed at the time of writing or expressing issues or referred to briefly. Hence, as the introductory chapters, a few things that only concern the philosophy of human rights, not human rights itself, nor rights against international law.

Shari'a, like nature, beyond the principle of agent and purpose that arises from it and it has a natural connection, it has an ultra-natural connection to the principle of agent and purpose from which it is exported and returned to it. Therefore, material insight into the human sciences such as law, jurisprudence, ethics, politics and the like, such as material insights into empirical sciences, such as geology, mineralogy, botanical and the like, would be incomplete knowledge, because for if intelligence and wisdom of one were reduced to the nature of the axis and was cut off from its principle of agent and its creator, and cut off from its principle of purpose and its final reference, along with his experimental and humanistic research, he will have a horizontal course, and never will be vertical course. For example, a material mining scientist always thinks so that particular mine had a special shape from time to time and in the course of the ages, the natural events are now in a special way and is expected to come to a different future in the near or far future; and it never falls within the scope of material thinking, vertical and supernatural what is the principle of agent, that special mine has created? And his regular moves and for which ultimate purpose he created and guided him?  In other words, the general principle (He is The First and The Last) is never in the view of a material thinker. Such a view interprets nature in the orbital path of its horizons, he never thinks about the height of his vertical ascent. If he wants to pay attention to the humanities such as law, ethics, politics, etc., the result will be incomplete and incomplete, because it is not expected from the wise except the imperfect and the discarded.

Reviews by experts

However, if the perceived reason and knowledge of the subject were not limited to nature, but that any being that you are not of the same nature, if it was material, regardless of the origin of natural extinction, it is dependent on the natural, continuously, his empirical and human exploration is a comprehensive, horizontal and vertical course. That is, he also thinks deeply that, for example, that mineral phenomenon has already been material in terms of matter, and what is now and what will happen later. And it is precisely understood that this mineral incident, as all creatures of possibility of the universe, It originated from a purely Principle of agent, and returns to its Principle of purpose in its final path.

Origin of human rights

Therefore, jurisprudence, which is part of the humanities, it deeply appraises what rights really does the truth rely on objectively? And from which it infers fact? Because in this insight, the humanities which has a significant contribution to human nurturing, it’s never a mere credit and without trusting the outside reality, it will not realize whether human beings or nature and mettle. After accepting the principle of human rights communication with the facts of existence, it is examined what will be the way to discover the principles and extract the rules and deductions of legal material from that evolutionary backbone? In all these steps, it is carefully examined the principle of agent and purpose of the system of existence and how it created the legal origin of mankind and how did he learn to discover it human.

Effect of monotheistic insight

First, the being of the rights and, second, the proof from the point of view of a divine thinker completely relate to his monotheistic insight. However, the Divine School will also be responsible for explaining the position of the being of the rights and the proof. Because the principle of agent of the rights, God is glorified of matter and nature, the principle of purpose is striving to get near to God, who glorified of time and place and any other material constraints.

The ultimate goal is God's Meeting

Therefore, the issue of justice, according to some opinions, it is the basis of rights, and according to some other evidence, it is the goal of rights. Although in general it is correct, it will not accurate in detail. Because the ultimate goal of researching and realizing the rights of individuals and society, achieve right man to the high dignity of God's Meeting, what is the Holy Qur'an, while respecting justice and justice, it recognizes it as outstanding, in the light of this, the righteous find the power of the dignity ascension, and that superior dignity is that right the human's soul is luminous.

We can deduce this from the sum of the verse “Indeed We sent Our Messengers with Signs and Miracles and revealed to them Books of Religion and gave them The Criterion for establishing justice Among the people.) Al-Hadid “(25 That the purpose of the message of divine prophets and the descent of religious books is to bring people to justice “Alif. Lam. Ra. This is a Book which We Have revealed to you] O, Messenger [so That you may by their Creator’s Command bring out mankind from the Darkness] of ignorance and polytheism [Into the Light of] Faith and Knowledge [And to the Path of the Supreme power Commander of Faith, (Ibrahim “(1 And the first verse of Surah Ibrahim, which aims to illuminate the people of the descendants of the Book of God, because the dignity of the perfect man’s illumination is at the same time his scientific and objective intuitions towards the higher facts of the world of nature and similitudes; as is the case of Haritha bin Malik and the description of the righteous is used to express Imam Ali (peace be upon him): The greatness of the Creator seats in their heart, and, so, everything else appears small in their eyes. Thus to them Paradise is as though they see it and are enjoying its favors. To them, Hell is also as if they see it and are suffering punishment in it.

The secret of the necessity of such a superior goal is that each accidental attributes must lead to essence, this rule is the same as it is true about the chain of efficient causes, each accidental agent must lead to essence agent that is God, accidental purposes must refer to essence purpose that also is God, Therefore, the goals of all human activities, as long as they not attain by God’s Meeting, are the medium of purpose, not the final, inevitably it will be an accidental object not essence object, from here, the human rights objectives according to Islam will be clear.